Text: Aleksandra Cebula

The issue of dry skin – put simply – stems from inadequate hydration levels and improper functioning of the hydrolipid barrier. It may primarily manifest as an unpleasant sensation of tightness, roughness, or even itching and burning. Certain areas of the skin may appear cracked, red, and prone to flaking. Additionally, dry skin often looks dull, lacks radiance, appears thin, and one notable consequence is the accelerated formation of laughter lines.

Identify the cause   
If you suspect your skin is prone to dryness and want to care for it properly, it’s important to understand the cause so that the steps you take effectively address the issue. Some people are genetically predisposed to dry skin, as in the cases of atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. This cause belongs to the group of internal factors, among which other diseases can be distinguished, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, as well as hormonal changes and aging. External factors, on the other hand, include the aforementioned environmental effects (e.g. frosty weather) and also encompass poor nutrition, certain medications, hot baths, contact with irritating detergents, and improper skincare. If you are struggling with excessive dryness and roughness of the skin, it is worth taking a closer look at the problem and, if necessary, arranging a dermatological consultation.

Daily care
To effectively care for dry skin, it’s essential to pay close attention to daily habits. A balanced diet is key, including adequate intake of vitamins, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as staying properly hydrated. Remember, the water used for washing also affects dry skin – chlorinated or hard water can worsen dryness. Fans of hot baths should keep in mind that high temperatures can damage the skin’s hydrolipid barrier, so it’s best to opt for a shower and lower the temperature. When drying off, avoid rubbing; instead, gently pat the skin with a clean cotton towel.

Tender care
A source of the problem of dry skin, or a factor contributing to the deterioration of its condition, may be improper skincare. Therefore, people with this type of skin should give up cosmetics that contain ingredients with a drying effect (e.g. ethyl alcohol). Soap should also be abandoned – instead, it is worth choosing gentle emulsions and washing gels, including hypoallergenic ones, which will not irritate delicate skin. Another topic that must be approached with caution is exfoliation; people with dry skin should refrain from frequent peeling and, instead of coarse-grained options, choose delicate and enzymatic ones. Remember that in winter the skin is also exposed to sunlight, which affects its condition. Therefore, we should not neglect protection in the form of sunscreen, especially during skiing trips to the mountains (as sun rays reflect off the snow).

For everyday care, we can introduce gentle formulations with a moisturising and lubricating effect, which will help prevent moisture loss. Substances that combine both functions are, for example, emollients.

dr n. biol. Monika Pasikowska-Piwko
scientific director, Dr Irena Eris Centre for Science and Research

Emollients – moisturise and lubricate
These substances are exceptionally effective for dry skin (including sensitive skin) in adults and children. They owe their remarkable effectiveness to their ability to rebuild the epidermal barrier. Emollients act not only superficially, inhibiting the evaporation of water from the epidermis, but also deeply – they restore the protective layer of the epidermis and accelerate its regeneration. They quickly provide comfort, leaving the skin well moisturised, regenerated, soft, and elastic. Emollients also eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of peeling skin and the feeling of itching or tightness.